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1.


    Trillas, Enric.
    On the Logos: A Naive View on Ordinary Reasoning and Fuzzy Logic [[electronic resource] /] : монография / Enric. Trillas ; . - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - XIV, 213 p. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Introduction --
Meaning as a Quantity --
Antonyms, Negation, and the Fuzzy Case --
‘And’, and ‘Or’ in Language. The case with Fuzzy Sets --
A First Look at Conditional Statements --
Linguistic Qualification, and Synonymy --
Thinking, Analogy, and Reasoning --
A (Naive) Symbolic Model of Ordinary Reasoning --
A Glance at Analogy --
A Glance at Creative Reasoning --
Formal Reasoning with Precise Words --
Formal Reasoning with Imprecise Words --
A Few Questions on the Reasoning of Quantum Physics --
Questions on Uncertain, Possible, and Probable --
Questions on Domesticating and Controlling Analogy --
Questions on the Classical Schemes of Inference --
Questions on the Fuzzy Schemes of Inference --
Questions on Monotony --
Questions on ‘Not Covered by P’ --
Questions on ‘Sorites’ in Ordinary Reasoning --
A Few Questions on Naming Concepts --
Instead of a Conclusion --
To End Up. .
Рубрики: Computational intelligence.
   Artificial intelligence.
   Mathematical logic.
   Cognitive psychology.
   Logic.
   Computational Intelligence.
   Artificial Intelligence.
   Mathematical Logic and Foundations.
   Cognitive Psychology.
   Logic.
Анотація: This book offers an inspiring and naive view on language and reasoning. It presents a new approach to ordinary reasoning that follows the author’s former work on fuzzy logic. Starting from a pragmatic scientific view on meaning as a quantity, and the common sense reasoning from a primitive notion of inference, which is shared by both laypeople and experts, the book shows how this can evolve, through the addition of more and more suppositions, into various formal and specialized modes of precise, imprecise, and approximate reasoning. The logos are intended here as a synonym for rationality, which is usually shown by the processes of questioning, guessing, telling, and computing. Written in a discursive style and without too many technicalities, the book presents a number of reflections on the study of reasoning, together with a new perspective on fuzzy logic and Zadeh’s “computing with words” grounded in both language and reasoning. It also highlights some mathematical developments supporting this view. Lastly, it addresses a series of questions aimed at fostering new discussions and future research into this topic. All in all, this book represents an inspiring read for professors and researchers in computer science, and fuzzy logic in particular, as well as for psychologists, linguists and philosophers.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56053-3

Дод.точки доступу:
Trillas, Enric. \.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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2.


   
    Supervenience and Normativity [[electronic resource] /] : монография / ed.: Brozek, Bartosz., Rotolo, Antonino., Stelmach, Jerzy. - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - IX, 175 p. 4 illus. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Chapter 1: Logics for Normative Supervenience (Antonino Rotolo) --
Chapter 2: Propositional and Doxastic Justification: Their Relationship and a Questionable Supervenience Claim (Giorgio Volpe) --
Chapter 3: Moral Properties: Some Epistemological, Ontological, and Normative Dimensions (Robert Audi) --
Chapter 4: Reasons and Supervenience (Daniel Laurier) --
Chapter 5: The Dubious Moral Supervenience Thesis (Gerald Harrison) --
Chapter 6: The Supervenience Dilemma Explained Away (Carla Bagnoli) --
Chapter 7: Law, Normativity, and Supervenience (Bartosz Brozek) --
Chapter 8: The Metaphysics of Law: From Supervenience to Rational Justification (George Pavlakos) --
Chapter 9: Supervenience and the Normativity of Folk Psychology in the Legal-Philosophical Context (Lukasz Kurek).
Рубрики: Law—Philosophy.
   Law.
   Political science.
   Ethics.
   Philosophy of mind.
   Logic.
   Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History.
   Philosophy of Law.
   Moral Philosophy.
   Philosophy of Mind.
   Logic.
Анотація: The present collection represents an attempt to bring together several contributions to the ongoing debate pertaining to supervenience of the normative in law and morals and strives to be the first work that addresses the topic comprehensively. It addresses the controversies surrounding the idea of normative supervenience and the philosophical conceptions they generated, deserve a recapitulation, as well as a new impulse for further development. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the concepts of normativity and supervenience. The research on normativity – a term introduced to the philosophical jargon by Edmund Husserl almost one hundred years ago – gained impetus in the 1990s through the works of such philosophers as Robert Audi, Christine Korsgaard, Robert Brandom, Paul Boghossian or Joseph Raz. The problem of the nature and sources of normativity has been investigated not only in morals and in relation to language, but also in other domains, e.g. in law or in the c ontext of the theories of rationality. Supervenience, understood as a special kind of relation between properties and weaker than entailment, has become analytic philosophers’ favorite formal tool since 1980s. It features in the theories pertaining to mental properties, but also in aesthetics or the law. In recent years, the ‘marriage’ of normativity and supervenience has become an object of many philosophical theories as well as heated debates. It seems that the conceptual apparatus of the supervenience theory makes it possible to state precisely some claims pertaining to normativity, as well as illuminate the problems surrounding it.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61046-7

Дод.точки доступу:
Brozek, Bartosz. \ed.\; Rotolo, Antonino. \ed.\; Stelmach, Jerzy. \ed.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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3.


   
    Feferman on Foundations [[electronic resource] :] : logic, Mathematics, Philosophy / / ed.: Jager, Gerhard., Sieg, Wilfried. - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - LXXX, 551 p. 4 illus. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Tentative TOC Table of contents Introduction: Perspective Feferman: Autobiography I. Mathematical Logic --
Model Theory --
Set Theory --
Proof Theory. - Computability Theory II. Conceptual Expansions . Predicativity --
Unfolding 2 --
Semi-constructive systems III. Axiomatic Foundations --
Explicit Mathematics and Operational Set Theory --
Theories of Truth --
Foundations of Category Theory IV. From Logic to Philosophy --
What is Logic? --
Foundational Ways --
Godel, Minds and Machines --
New Axioms and the Continuum Problem --
Conceptual Structuralism V. Responses Feferman: Bibliography Contributors: Short biographies --
Index. .
Рубрики: Mathematical logic.
   Logic.
   Mathematical Logic and Foundations.
   Logic.
   Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages.
Анотація: This volume honours the life and work of Solomon Feferman, one of the most prominent mathematical logicians of the latter half of the 20th century. In the collection of essays presented here, researchers examine Feferman’s work on mathematical as well as specific methodological and philosophical issues that tie into mathematics. Feferman’s work was largely based in mathematical logic (namely model theory, set theory, proof theory and computability theory), but also branched out into methodological and philosophical issues, making it well known beyond the borders of the mathematics community. With regard to methodological issues, Feferman supported concrete projects. On the one hand, these projects calibrate the proof theoretic strength of subsystems of analysis and set theory and provide ways of overcoming the limitations imposed by Godel’s incompleteness theorems through appropriate conceptual expansions. On the other, they seek to identify novel axiomatic foundations for mathematical practice, truth theories, and category theory. In his philosophical research, Feferman explored questions such as “What is logic?” and proposed particular positions regarding the foundations of mathematics including, for example, his “conceptual structuralism.” The contributing authors of the volume examine all of the above issues. Their papers are accompanied by an autobiography presented by Feferman that reflects on the evolution and intellectual contexts of his work. The contributing authors critically examine Feferman’s work and, in part, actively expand on his concrete mathematical projects. The volume illuminates Feferman’s distinctive work and, in the process, provides an enlightening perspective on the foundations of mathematics and logic.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63334-3

Дод.точки доступу:
Jager, Gerhard. \ed.\; Sieg, Wilfried. \ed.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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4.


   
    The Square of Opposition: A Cornerstone of Thought [[electronic resource] /] : монография / ed.: Beziau, Jean-Yves., Basti, Gianfranco. - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - VI, 337 p. 125 illus., 74 illus. in color. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Part I Introduction --
Part II Historical Perspectives on the Square --
Part III Reinterpretations of the Square --
Part IV Philosophical Perspectives on the Square --
Part V Theoretical Investigations on the Square --
Part VI Expansions and Variations of the Square --
Part VII Applications of the Square.
Рубрики: Logic.
   Mathematics—Philosophy.
   Mathematical logic.
   Logic.
   Philosophy of Mathematics.
   Mathematical Logic and Foundations.
Анотація: This is a collection of new investigations and discoveries on the theory of opposition (square, hexagon, octagon, polyhedra of opposition) by the best specialists from all over the world. The papers range from historical considerations to new mathematical developments of the theory of opposition including applications to theology, theory of argumentation and metalogic.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45062-9

Дод.точки доступу:
Beziau, Jean-Yves. \ed.\; Basti, Gianfranco. \ed.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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5.


    Hansson, Sven Ove.
    Descriptor Revision [[electronic resource] :] : belief Change through Direct Choice / / Sven Ove. Hansson ; . - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - XVIII, 239 p. 18 illus. - Б. ц.
Рубрики: Logic.
   Mathematical logic.
   Database management.
   Epistemology.
   Logic.
   Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages.
   Database Management.
   Epistemology.
   Mathematical Logic and Foundations.
Анотація: This book provides a critical examination of how the choice of what to believe is represented in the standard model of belief change. In particular the use of possible worlds and infinite remainders as objects of choice is critically examined. Descriptors are introduced as a versatile tool for expressing the success conditions of belief change, addressing both local and global descriptor revision. The book presents dynamic descriptors such as Ramsey descriptors that convey how an agent’s beliefs tend to be changed in response to different inputs. It also explores sentential revision and demonstrates how local and global operations of revision by a sentence can be derived as a special case of descriptor revision. Lastly, the book examines revocation, a generalization of contraction in which a specified sentence is removed in a process that may possibly also involve the addition of some new information to the belief set.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53061-1

Дод.точки доступу:
Hansson, Sven Ove. \.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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6.


    Ferguson, Thomas Macaulay.
    Meaning and Proscription in Formal Logic [[electronic resource] :] : variations on the Propositional Logic of William T. Parry / / Thomas Macaulay. Ferguson ; . - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - XIII, 198 p. 9 illus. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Introduction: The Proscriptive Principle.-Nonsense and Proscription* --
Metaphysical Considerations on State Space Semantics --
A Computational Interpretation of Conceptivism* --
Faulty Belnap Computers and Subsystems of Efde* --
Cut-Down Operations on Multilattices* --
Correia Semantics Revisited* --
Concluding Remarks.
Рубрики: Logic.
   Logic design.
   Computer science—Mathematics.
   Computer mathematics.
   Mathematical logic.
   Analysis (Philosophy).
   Logic.
   Logic Design.
   Mathematical Applications in Computer Science.
   Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages.
   Analytic Philosophy.
Анотація: This book aids in the rehabilitation of the wrongfully deprecated work of William Parry, and is the only full-length investigation into Parry-type propositional logics. A central tenet of the monograph is that the sheer diversity of the contexts in which the mereological analogy emerges – its effervescence with respect to fields ranging from metaphysics to computer programming – provides compelling evidence that the study of logics of analytic implication can be instrumental in identifying connections between topics that would otherwise remain hidden. More concretely, the book identifies and discusses a host of cases in which analytic implication can play an important role in revealing distinct problems to be facets of a larger, cross-disciplinary problem. It introduces an element of constancy and cohesion that has previously been absent in a regrettably fractured field, shoring up those who are sympathetic to the worth of mereological analogy. Moreover, it generates new interest in the field by illustrating a wide range of interesting features present in such logics – and highlighting these features to appeal to researchers in many fields.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70821-8

Дод.точки доступу:
Ferguson, Thomas Macaulay. \.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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7.


    Young, Walter Edward.
    The Dialectical Forge [[electronic resource] :] : juridical Disputation and the Evolution of Islamic Law / / Walter Edward. Young ; . - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - XIV, 643 p. 3 illus. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Chapter 1 The Current Project --
Chapter 2 Evolutionary Narratives --
Chapter 3 The Subject-Text and its Genre --
Chapter 4 The Full-System Jadal Theory of the Lens-Texts --
Chapter 5 Extended Dialectical Sequences --
Chapter 6 Short Dialectical Sequences & Independent Dialectical Formulae --
Chapter 7 A Picture of Proto-System Jadal --
Chapter 8 U?ul al-Fiqh and Jadal-Theory in the Dialectical Forge --
Chapter 9 Supplementary Paradigms and Open Doors --
Appendix I:  al-Ba?ri’s Modes of Qiyas-Oriented Dialectic --
Appendix II:  al-Shirazi’s Modes of I?tira? --
Appendix III:  al-Baji’s Modes of I?tira? --
Glossary:  Select Technical Terms of Islamic Legal Theory and Dialectic.
Рубрики: Logic.
   Law—Philosophy.
   Law.
   Religion.
   Logic.
   Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History.
   Religious Studies, general.
Анотація: The Dialectical Forge identifies dialectical disputation (jadal) as a primary formative dynamic in the evolution of pre-modern Islamic legal systems, promoting dialectic from relative obscurity to a more appropriate position at the forefront of Islamic legal studies. The author introduces and develops a dialectics-based analytical method for the study of pre-modern Islamic legal argumentation, examines parallels and divergences between Aristotelian dialectic and early juridical jadal-theory, and proposes a multi-component paradigm—the Dialectical Forge Model—to account for the power of jadal in shaping Islamic law and legal theory. In addition to overviews of current evolutionary narratives for Islamic legal theory and dialectic, and expositions on key texts, this work shines an analytical light upon the considerably sophisticated “proto-system” of juridical dialectical teaching and practice evident in Islam’s second century, several generations before the first “full-system” treatises of legal and dialectical theory were composed. This proto-system is revealed from analyses of dialectical sequences in the 2nd/8th century Kitab Ikhtilaf al-'Iraqiyyin / 'Iraqiyyayn (the “subject-text”) through a lens molded from 5th/11th century jadal-theory treatises (the “lens-texts”). Specific features thus uncovered inform the elaboration of a Dialectical Forge Model, whose more general components and functions are explored in closing chapters.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25522-4

Дод.точки доступу:
Young, Walter Edward. \.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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8.


   
    Colours in the development of Wittgenstein’s Philosophy [[electronic resource] /] : монография / ed. Silva, Marcos. - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - XV, 380 p. 5 illus. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Chapter 1. Introduction; Marcos Silva --
Chapter 2. Visual Images, Colored Patches, and ‘Minima Visibilia’ ; Ludovic Soutif --
Chapter 3. Incompatible colours and the development of Wittgenstein's philosophy; Andrew Lugg --
Chapter 4. ‘Tractatus’ objects and the logic of color incompatibility; Dale Jacquette --
Chapter 5. What Does a Phenomenological Language Do?; Mauro Engelmann --
Chapter 6. Phenomenology as Logic of Content; Mihai Ometita --
Chapter 7. Visual space, colors and generality; Anderson Nakano --
Chapter 8. Wittgenstein on contradiction and contrariety; Marcos Silva --
Chapter 9. The grammar of colours advanced in Wittgenstein’ s Middle Period; Axel Barcelos & Salma Saab --
Chapter 10. Wittgenstein on Color; James M. Thompson --
Chapter 11. The Fate of Wittgenstein’s Phenomenology; Joao Vergilio G. Cuter --
Chapter 12. Wittgenstein on Colour and the Formation of Concepts; Frederik A. Gierlinger --
Chapter 13. Colours, Phenomelogy and Certainty; Marcelo Carvalho --
Chapter 14 . The harmony of colour concepts; Ingolf Max --
Index. .
Рубрики: Aesthetics.
   Logic.
   Analysis (Philosophy).
   Language and languages—Philosophy.
   Philosophy of mind.
   Aesthetics.
   Logic.
   Analytic Philosophy.
   Philosophy of Language.
   Philosophy of Mind.
Анотація: This book presents and discusses the varying and seminal role which colour plays in the development of Wittgenstein’s philosophy. Having once said that “Colours spur us to philosophize”, the theme of colour was one to which Wittgenstein returned constantly throughout his career. Ranging from his Notebooks, 1914-1916 and the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus to the posthumously published Remarks on Colours and On Certainty, this book explores how both his view of philosophical problems generally and his view on colours specifically changed considerably over time. Paying particular attention to his so-called intermediary period, it takes a case-based approach to the presentation of colour in texts from this period, from Some Remarks on Logical Form and Philosophical Remarks to his Big Typescript.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56919-2

Дод.точки доступу:
Silva, Marcos. \ed.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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9.


    Bassler, O. Bradley.
    Diagnosing Contemporary Philosophy with the Matrix Movies [[electronic resource] /] : монография / O. Bradley. Bassler ; . - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - X, 215 p. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
1. Chapter One: Introduction --
2. Chapter Two: Are You Living In A Computer Simulation? (Level 0: The Level of Cognitive Science) --
3. Chapter Three: Are You A Brain In A Vat? (Level Of Logic: Level 1) --
4. Chapter Four: Introduction to the Parafinite (Level of the Parafinite: Level 2) --
5. Chapter Five: An Introduction To Paraphysics (Level of Paraphysics: Level 3) --
6. Chapter Six: An Introduction To Philosophical Praxis (Level of Philosophical Praxis: Level 4) --
7. Chapter Seven: An Introduction To Philosophia Perennis (Level Of Work On Myth and Philosophy: Level 5).
Рубрики: Aesthetics.
   Logic.
   Mathematics—Philosophy.
   Motion pictures and television.
   Aesthetics.
   Logic.
   Philosophy of Mathematics.
   Screen Studies.
Анотація: This book charts the shape of future philosophical investigation by posing the question: “What is the Matrix?” Guided by the example of the Matrix film trilogy, the author examines issues ranging from simulation, proof and action to value, culture and mythology, offering a progressively deeper diagnosis of modern philosophical conditions. In contrast to the contemporary focus upon cognitive science and a commitment to the distinction between appearance and reality, this book helps readers to explore the argument that such abstractions are inevitably displaced by a more concrete distinction between dreaming and waking, with the Matrix as the real and only world we inhabit. Researchers and scholars will find this work an engaging and enlightening examination of reality, via the medium of popular culture and film.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57889-1

Дод.точки доступу:
Bassler, O. Bradley. \.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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10.


    Feteris, Eveline T.
    Fundamentals of Legal Argumentation [[electronic resource] :] : a Survey of Theories on the Justification of Judicial Decisions / / Eveline T. Feteris ; . - 2nd ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - XVII, 361 p. 23 illus. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Preface --
Introduction --
Chapter 1 Legal Argumentation and Legal Interpretation --
Chapter 2 The Logical Approach --
Chapter 3 Toulmin's Argumentation Model --
Chapter 4 Perelman's New Rhetoric --
Chapter 5 Habermas' S Discourse Theory and the Rationality of Legal Discourse --
Chapter 6 Maccormick's Theory of the Justification of Legal --
Chapter 7 Alexy's Procedural Theory of Legal Discourse --
Chapter 8 Aarnio's Theory of the Justification of Legal --
Chapter 9 Peczenik's Theory of Legal Transformations and Legal Justification --
Chapter 10 The Pragma-Dialectical Approach Of Legal Argumentation --
Chapter 11 A Survey Of Approaches And Studies Of Legal Argumentation In The Context Of Legal Justification In Different Legal Systems And Countries --
Chapter 12 Epilogue: Main Trends and Developments in Research of Legal Argumentation --
Subject Index.
Рубрики: Logic.
   Law—Philosophy.
   Law.
   Political science.
   Ontology.
   Industrial organization.
   Logic.
   Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History.
   Philosophy of Law.
   Ontology.
   Industrial Organization.
Анотація: This book is an updated and revised edition of Fundamentals of Legal Argumentation published in 1999. It discusses new developments that have taken place in the past 15 years in research of legal argumentation, legal justification and legal interpretation, as well as the implications of these new developments for the theory of legal argumentation. Almost every chapter has been revised and updated, and the chapters include discussions of recent studies, major additions on topical issues, new perspectives, and new developments in several theoretical areas. Examples of these additions are discussions of recent developments in such areas as Habermas' theory, MacCormick's theory, Alexy's theory, Artificial Intelligence and law, and the pragma-dialectical theory of legal argumentation. Furthermore it provides an extensive and systematic overview of approaches and studies of legal argumentation in the context of legal justification in various legal systems and countries that have been important for the development of research of legal argumentation. The book contains a discussion of influential theories that conceive the law and legal justification as argumentative activity. From different disciplinary and theoretical angles it addresses such topics as the institutional characteristics of the law and the relation between general standards for moral discussions and legal standards such as the Rule of Law. It discusses patterns of legal justification in the context of different types of problems in the application of the law and it describes rules for rational legal discussions. The combination of the sound basis of the first edition and the discussions of new developments make this new edition an up-to-date and comprehensive survey of the various theoretical influences which have informed the study of legal argumentation. It discusses salient backgrounds to this field as well as major approaches and trends in the contemporary research. It surveys the relevant theoretical factors both from various continental law traditions and common law countries.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1129-4

Дод.точки доступу:
Feteris, Eveline T. \.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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11.


   
    Narration as Argument [[electronic resource] /] : монография / ed. Olmos, Paula. - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - XII, 234 p. 9 illus. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Chapter 1. Introduction: Narratives, Narrating, Narrators; Paula Olmos --
Part I Narratives as Sources of Knowledge and Argument --
Chapter 2. Narratives and the Concept of Argument; Christopher Tindale --
Chapter 3. Arguing with Stories; Floris Bex and Trevor Bench-Capon --
Chapter 4. Narrative Fiction as a Source of Knowledge; Mitchell Green --
Chapter 5. Analogy, Presupposition and Transcendentality in Narrative Argument; Gilbert Plumer --
Chapter 6. Parables: Crossroads Between the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and Argumentation Theory; Eduardo de Bustos --
Part II Argumentative Narratives in Context --
Chapter 7. Narratives and Pragmatic Arguments: Iven’s The 400 million; Paul van den Hoven --
Chapter 8. The Sample Convention, or, When Fictionalized Narratives. Can Double as Historical Testimony; Leona Toker --
Chapter 9. From Narrative Arguments to Arguments that Narrate; Adrien Frenay and Marion Carel --
Chapter 10. Narrative as Argument in Atul Gawande’s. “On Washing Hands” and “Letting Go”; James Phelan --
Chapter 11. On Thought Experiments and other Narratives in Scientific Argument; Paula Olmos --
Chapter 12. How to Win Wars: The Role of the War Narrative; Tone Kvernbekk and Ola Boe-Hansen.
Рубрики: Logic.
   Discourse analysis.
   Literature—Philosophy.
   Epistemology.
   Pragmatics.
   Language and languages—Philosophy.
   Logic.
   Discourse Analysis.
   Literary Theory.
   Epistemology.
   Pragmatics.
   Philosophy of Language.
Анотація: This book presents reflections on the relationship between narratives and argumentative discourse. It focuses on their functional and structural similarities or dissimilarities, and offers diverse perspectives and conceptual tools for analyzing the narratives’ potential power for justification, explanation and persuasion. Divided into two sections, the first Part, under the title “Narratives as Sources of Knowledge and Argument”, includes five chapters addressing rather general, theoretical and characteristically philosophical issues related to the argumentative analysis and understanding of narratives. We may perceive here how scholars in Argumentation Theory have recently approached certain topics that have a close connection with mainstream discussions in epistemology and the cognitive sciences about the justificatory potential of narratives. The second Part, entitled “Argumentative Narratives in Context”, brings us six more chapters that concentrate on either particular functions played by argumentatively-oriented narratives or particular practices that may benefit from the use of special kinds of narratives. Here the focus is either on the detailed analysis of contextualized examples of narratives with argumentative qualities or on the careful understanding of the particular demands of certain well-defined situated activities, as diverse as scientific theorizing or war policing, that may be satisfied by certain uses of narrative discourse.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56883-6

Дод.точки доступу:
Olmos, Paula. \ed.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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12.


    Park, Woosuk.
    Abduction in Context [[electronic resource] :] : the Conjectural Dynamics of Scientific Reasoning / / Woosuk. Park ; . - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - XIV, 263 p. 10 illus. - Б. ц.
Рубрики: Epistemology.
   Cognitive psychology.
   Logic.
   Artificial intelligence.
   Epistemology.
   Cognitive Psychology.
   Logic.
   Artificial Intelligence.
Анотація: This book offers a novel perspective on abduction. It starts by discussing the major theories of abduction, focusing on the hybrid nature of abduction as both inference and intuition. It reports on the Peircean theory of abduction and discusses the more recent Magnani concept of animal abduction, connecting them to the work of medieval philosophers. Building on Magnani's manipulative abduction, the accompanying classification of abduction, and the hybrid concept of abduction as both inference and intuition, the book examines the problem of visual perception together with the related concepts of misrepresentation and semantic information. It presents the author's views on caricature and the caricature model of science, and then extends the scope of discussion by introducing some standard issues in the philosophy of science. By discussing the concept of ad hoc hypothesis generation as enthymeme resolution, it demonstrates how ubiquitous the problem of abduction is in all the different individual scientific disciplines. This comprehensive text provides philosophers, logicians and cognitive scientists with a historical, unified and authoritative perspective on abduction.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48956-8

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Park, Woosuk. \.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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13.


    Tulenheimo, Tero.
    Objects and Modalities [[electronic resource] :] : a Study in the Semantics of Modal Logic / / Tero. Tulenheimo ; . - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - XIV, 208 p. 2 illus. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Chapter 1: Individuals and Cross-World Identity --
Chapter 2: The Nature of Modal Individuals --
Chapter 3: Two Modes of Individuation --
Chapter 4: Intentional Objects as World Lines --
Chapter 5: Logical Repercussions of World Line Semantics --
Chapter 6: General Consequences.
Рубрики: Logic.
   Language and languages—Philosophy.
   Ontology.
   Logic.
   Philosophy of Language.
   Ontology.
Анотація: This book develops a novel generalization of possible world semantics, called ‘world line semantics’, which recognizes worlds and links between world-bound objects (world lines) as mutually independent aspects of modal semantics. Addressing a wide range of questions vital for contemporary debates in logic and philosophy of language and offering new tools for theoretical linguistics and knowledge representation, the book proposes a radically new paradigm in modal semantics. This framework is motivated philosophically, viewing a structure of world lines as a precondition of modal talk. The author provides a uniform analysis of quantification over individuals (physical objects) and objects of thought (intentional objects). The semantic account of what it means to speak of intentional objects throws new light on accounts of intentionality and singular thought in the philosophy of mind and offers novel insights into the semantics of intensional transitive verbs.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53119-9

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Tulenheimo, Tero. \.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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14.


   
    Raymond Smullyan on Self Reference [[electronic resource] /] : монография / ed.: Fitting, Melvin., Rayman, Brian. - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - VIII, 195 p. 23 illus., 18 illus. in color. - Б. ц.
Рубрики: Logic.
   Mathematical logic.
   Computers.
   Logic.
   Mathematical Logic and Foundations.
   Theory of Computation.
Анотація: This book collects, for the first time in one volume, contributions honoring Professor Raymond Smullyan’s work on self-reference. It serves not only as a tribute to one of the great thinkers in logic, but also as a celebration of self-reference in general, to be enjoyed by all lovers of this field. Raymond Smullyan, mathematician, philosopher, musician and inventor of logic puzzles, made a lasting impact on the study of mathematical logic; accordingly, this book spans the many personalities through which Professor Smullyan operated, offering extensions and re-evaluations of his academic work on self-reference, applying self-referential logic to art and nature, and lastly, offering new puzzles designed to communicate otherwise esoteric concepts in mathematical logic, in the manner for which Professor Smullyan was so well known. This book is suitable for students, scholars and logicians who are interested in learning more about Raymond Smullyan's work and life.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68732-2

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Fitting, Melvin. \ed.\; Rayman, Brian. \ed.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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15.


   
    Philosophical Logic: Current Trends in Asia [[electronic resource] :] : proceedings of AWPL-TPLC 2016 / / ed.: Yang, Syraya Chin-Mu., Lee, Kok Yong., Ono, Hiroakira. - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - XVI, 296 p. 7 illus. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Representing and Completing Lattices by Propositions of Cover Systems --
A Uniform Algebraic Approach to Cut Elimination via Semi-completeness --
Ancient Indian Logic, Paksa and Analogy --
Provability and Decidability of Arithmetical Sentences --
On the Minimization Principle in the Boolean Approach to Causal Discovery --
Contentual and Formal Aspects of Gentzen's Consistency Proofs --
Saving Supervaluationism from the Challenge of Higher-Order Vagueness Argument --
Cut free Labelled Sequent Calculus for Dynamic Logic of Relation Changers --
On Second Order Propositional Intuitionistic Logics --
Classical Model Existence Theorem in Subclassical Predicate Logics. II --
On Incorporating Reasoning Time into Epistemic Logic --
Proof-theoretic Embedding from Visser’s Basic Propositional Logic to Modal Logic K4 via Non-Labelled Sequent Calculi --
Varieties of Parthood --
Infinite “Atomic” Mereological Structures.
Рубрики: Logic.
   Mathematical logic.
   Logic.
   Mathematical Logic and Foundations.
   Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages.
Анотація: This volume brings together a group of logic-minded philosophers and philosophically oriented logicians, mainly from Asia, to address a variety of logical and philosophical topics of current interest, offering a representative cross-section of the philosophical logic landscape in early 21st-century Asia. It surveys a variety of fields, including modal logic, epistemic logic, formal semantics, decidability and mereology. The book proposes new approaches and constructs more powerful frameworks, such as cover theory, an algebraic approach to cut-elimination, and a Boolean approach to causal discovery, to name but a few. Readers may find a wide range of applications of these original works in current research of philosophical logic, especially in the structural and conceptual analysis of some significant semantic properties and formal systems. The variety of topics and issues discussed here will appeal to readers from a broad spectrum of disciplines, ranging from mathematical/phil osophical logic, computing science, cognitive science and artificial intelligence, to linguistics, game theory and beyond.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6355-8

Дод.точки доступу:
Yang, Syraya Chin-Mu. \ed.\; Lee, Kok Yong. \ed.\; Ono, Hiroakira. \ed.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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16.


   
    Semantics and Pragmatics: Drawing a Line [[electronic resource] /] : монография / ed.: Depraetere, Ilse., Salkie, Raphael. - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - VI, 357 p. 4 illus. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Chapter 1. Introduction (Ilse Depraetere, Raphael Salkie) --
Part I: Drawing a Line --
Chapter 2. Free pragmatic enrichment, expansion, saturation, completion: A view from linguistics (Ilse Depraetere, Raphael Salkie) --
Chapter 3. Response by Kent Bach (Kent Bach) --
Part II: Crossing Borders --
Chapter 4. Is pragmatics about mind reading? (Siobhan Chapman) --
Chapter 5. Pragmatics between experiment and rationality (Anton Benz) --
Chapter 6. Lexical pragmatics, explicature and ad hoc concepts (Alison Hall) --
Chapter 7. A cognitive, usage-based view on lexical pragmatics (Maarten Lemmens) --
Chapter 8. What’s pragmatics doing outside constructions? (Bert Cappelle) --
Chapter 9. Constructions, templates and pragmatics (Frank Liedtke) --
Chapter 10. Early intervention at the interface: Semantic-pragmatic strategies for facilitating conversation with children with developmental disabilities (Susan Foster-Cohen, Tze Peng Wong) --
Chapter 11. A response to Foster-Cohen and Wong: Appropriate pragmatic behavior (Gerhard Schaden) --
Chapter 12. About concerns (Max Kolbel) --
Chapter 13.About the lekton: Response to Max Kolbel (Francois Recanati) --
Part III: Exploring New Territory --
Chapter 14. Why quotation is not a linguistic phenomenon, and why it calls for a pragmatic theory (Philippe Debrabanter) --
Chapter 15. Response by Raphael Salkie. Demonstrating vs depicting: Reply to Philippe Debrabanter (Raphael Salkie) --
Chapter 16. The meanings of non-finite have and the semantics-pragmatics interface (Ilse Depraetere) --
Chapter 17. The comprehension of indirect requests: Previous work and future directions (Nicolas Ruytenbeek) --
Chapter 18. Prosody, procedures and pragmatics (Kate Scott) --
Conclusion (Billy Clark).
Рубрики: Language and languages—Philosophy.
   Linguistics.
   Logic.
   Philosophy of Language.
   Theoretical Linguistics.
   Logic.
Анотація: This book explores new territory at the interface between semantics and pragmatics, reassessing a number of linguistic phenomena in the light of recent advances in pragmatic theory. It presents stimulating insights by experts in linguistics and philosophy, including Kent Bach, Philippe de Brabanter, Max Kolbel and Francois Recanati. The authors begin by reassessing the definition of four theoretical concepts: saturation, free pragmatic enrichment, completion and expansion. They go on to confront (sub)disciplines that have addressed similar issues but that have not necessarily been in close contact, and then turn to questions related to reported speech, modality, indirect requests and prosody. Chapters investigate lexical pragmatics and (cognitive) lexical semantics and other interactions involving experimental pragmatics, construction grammar, clinical linguistics, and the distinction between mental and linguistic content. The authors bridge the gap between different disciplines, subdisciplines and methodologies, supporting cross-fertilization of ideas and indicating the empirical studies that are needed to test current theoretical concepts and push the theory further. Readers will find overviews of the ways in which concepts are defined, empirical data with which they are illustrated and explorations of the theoretical frameworks in which concepts are couched. This exciting exchange of ideas has its origins in the editors’ workshop series on the theme ‘The semantics/pragmatics interface: linguistic, logical and philosophical perspectives’, held at the University of Lille 3 in 2012-13. Scholars of linguistics, logic and philosophy and those interested in the research benefits of crossing disciplines will find this work both accessible and thought-provoking, especially those with an interest in pragmatic theory or semantics.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32247-6

Дод.точки доступу:
Depraetere, Ilse. \ed.\; Salkie, Raphael. \ed.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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17.


   
    Applications of Formal Philosophy [[electronic resource] :] : the Road Less Travelled / / ed.: Urbaniak, Rafal., Payette, Gillman. - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - VI, 263 p. 24 illus. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
1.Applied Formal Philosophy: Some Re?ections on the Program --
2.The logic of guilt, innocence and legal discourse --
3.Counterfactuals in logic programming with applications to agent morality --
4.The Wisdom of the Multitude: Diversity versus Size --
5.A formal semantics of international relations --
6. A Logic for Human Actions --
7.Reasoning with Comparative Moral Judgements: an Argument for Moral Bayesianism.
Рубрики: Logic.
   Political theory.
   Game theory.
   Logic.
   Political Theory.
   Game Theory, Economics, Social and Behav. Sciences.
Анотація: This book features mathematical and formal philosophers’ efforts to understand philosophical questions using mathematical techniques. It offers a collection of works from leading researchers in the area, who discuss some of the most fascinating ways formal methods are now being applied. It covers topics such as: the uses of probable and statistical reasoning, rational choice theory, reasoning in the environmental sciences, reasoning about laws and changes of rules, and reasoning about collective decision procedures as well as about action. Utilizing mathematical techniques has been very fruitful in the traditional domains of formal philosophy – logic, philosophy of mathematics and metaphysics – while formal philosophy is simultaneously branching out into other areas in philosophy and the social sciences. These areas particularly include ethics, political science, and the methodology of the natural and social sciences. Reasoning about legal rules, collective decision-making procedures, and rational choices are of interest to all those engaged in legal theory, political science and economics. Statistical reasoning is also of interest to political scientists and economists.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58507-9

Дод.точки доступу:
Urbaniak, Rafal. \ed.\; Payette, Gillman. \ed.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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18.


    Magnani, Lorenzo.
    The Abductive Structure of Scientific Creativity [[electronic resource] :] : an Essay on the Ecology of Cognition / / Lorenzo. Magnani ; . - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - XVIII, 230 p. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Enhancing Knowledge: Tracking the External World --
Distributed Model-Based Science: Scienti?c Models Are Not Fictions --
Not Everything in Scienti?c Cognition Is Evidence-Based: The Epistemology of Evidentially Inert Knowledge Enhancing --
Epistemic Warfare: Are Scienti?c Models Fictions or Epistemic Weapons? --
The Genealogy of Abduction: Geometry, and Logic Intertwined --
Maximizing Cognition in Science: Irrelevance and Implausibility Exculpated --
Science Maximizes Abducibility: The Optimization of Eco-Cognitive Situatedness in Ampliative Inferences --
Human Creative Abduction Assaulted: Impoverishing Epistemological Niches.
Рубрики: Epistemology.
   Cognitive psychology.
   Computational intelligence.
   Logic.
   Epistemology.
   Cognitive Psychology.
   Computational Intelligence.
   Logic.
Анотація: This book employs a new eco-cognitive model of abduction to underline the distributed and embodied nature of scientific cognition. Its main focus is on the knowledge-enhancing virtues of abduction and on the productive role of scientific models. What are the distinctive features that define the kind of knowledge produced by science? To provide an answer to this question, the book first addresses the ideas of Aristotle, who stressed the essential inferential and distributed role of external cognitive tools and epistemic mediators in abductive cognition. This is analyzed in depth from both a naturalized logic and an ecology of cognition perspective. It is shown how the maximization of cognition, and of abducibility – two typical goals of science – are related to a number of fundamental aspects: the optimization of the eco-cognitive situatedness; the maximization of changeability for both the input and the output of the inferences involved; a high degree of information-sensitiveness; and the need to record the “past life” of abductive inferential practices. Lastly, the book explains how some impoverished epistemological niches – the result of a growing epistemic irresponsibility associated with the commodification and commercialization of science – are now seriously jeopardizing the flourishing development of human creative abduction.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59256-5

Дод.точки доступу:
Magnani, Lorenzo. \.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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19.


    Raspa, Venanzio.
    Thinking about Contradictions [[electronic resource] :] : the Imaginary Logic of Nikolai Aleksandrovich Vasil’ev / / Venanzio. Raspa ; . - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - XXI, 160 p. 12 illus. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
1. An Unquiet Life, a Multi-faceted Output --
2. The Historical and Cultural Context --
3. The Logic of Concepts --
4. Non-Aristotelian Logic --
5. Imaginary Logic --
6. Interpretations.
Рубрики: Logic.
   Philosophy.
   Logic.
   History of Philosophy.
Анотація: This volume examines the entire logical and philosophical production of Nicolai A. Vasil’ev, studying his life and activities as a historian and man of letters. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of this influential Russian logician, philosopher, psychologist, and poet. The author frames Vasil’ev’s work within its historical and cultural context. He takes into consideration both the situation of logic in Russia and the state of logic in Western Europe, from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th. Following this, the book considers the attempts to develop non-Aristotelian logics or ideas that present affinities with imaginary logic. It then looks at the contribution of traditional logic in elaborating non-classical ideas. This logic allows the author to deal with incomplete objects just as imaginary logic does with contradictory ones. Both logics are objects of interesting analysis by modern researchers. This volume will appeal to graduate students and scholars interested not only in Vasil’ev’s work, but also in the history of non-classical logics.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66086-8

Дод.точки доступу:
Raspa, Venanzio. \.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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20.


   
    Essays on Husserl's Logic and Philosophy of Mathematics [[electronic resource] /] : монография / ed. Centrone, Stefania. - 1st ed. 2017. - [S. l. : s. n.]. - XXVI, 526 p. 1 illus. - Б. ц.
    Зміст:
Chapter 1. Husserl and Boole: Stefania Centrone --
Chapter 2. Husserl and Schroeder: Mirja Hartimo --
Chapter 3. Husserl and Frege: Guillermo Rosado Haddock --
Chapter 4. Husserl and Brower: Mark van Atten --
Chapter 5. Husserl and Klein: Burt Hopkins --
Chapter 6. Husserl and Hilbert: Robert Tragesser --
Chapter 7. Husserl and Goedel: Richard Tieszen.
Рубрики: Logic.
   Phenomenology .
   Logic.
   Phenomenology.
Анотація: Essays on Husserl’s Logic and Philosophy of Mathematics sets out to fill up a lacuna in the present research on Husserl by presenting a precise account of Husserl’s work in the field of logic, of the philosophy of logic and of the philosophy of mathematics. The aim is to provide an in-depth reconstruction and analysis of the discussion between Husserl and his most important interlocutors, and to clarify pivotal ideas of Husserl’s by considering their reception and elaboration by some of his disciples and followers, such as Oskar Becker and Jacob Klein, as well as their influence on some of the most significant logicians and mathematicians of the past century, such as Luitzen E. J. Brouwer, Rudolf Carnap, Kurt Godel and Hermann Weyl. Most of the papers consider Husserl and another scholar – e.g. Leibniz, Kant, Bolzano, Brentano, Cantor, Frege – and trace out and contextualize lines of influence, points of contact, and points of disagreement. Each essay is written by an expert of the field, and the volume includes contributions both from the analytical tradition and from the phenomenological one.

Перейти: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1132-4

Дод.точки доступу:
Centrone, Stefania. \ed.\; SpringerLink (Online service)
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